Operation	Command (English)	What it does	How you might use it	Example target(s)		Example results
1	Concatenation	&	combines items in different cells	To make a SNP profile or text string from a list of genotypes/components	AC	CT	ACCT
2	Length	LARGO (LEN)	counts the characters in a cell	Measure and adjust sequences such as SNaPshot tails	acggtACCTT		10
3	Transposition	Edicion > Pegado especial > transponer	flips columns to rows	To convert SNP data downloads to standard format
4	Text to columns	Datos > Texto en Columnas…	converts text 'delimiters' to column breaks	To convert SNP data downloads to standard format
5	Lookup	BUSCARV (V)LOOKUP	looks at a table of values and matches one of those values in a cell	Find the population and details from a CEPH-HGDP number list
6	Converting USC classifier output	EXP(- 'cell ref')	converts -log likelihoods to normal numbers	To calculatee probabilities from USC output
	to real values